Iby’ingenzi wamenya ku mateka y’intwari twizihiza none n’ibyiciro byazo

Umunyarwanda aho yicaye hose uyu munsi, ntakindi kimuri mu bitekerezo uretse Intwari z’u Rwanda n’ubutwari bwaziranze, dukesha umusingi w’ibyo Abanyarwanda bagezeho uyu munsi, aho zimwe mu Ntwari tuzirikana zemeye guhara ubuzima kugira ngo u Rwanda rube ari Igihugu gitera ishema buri Munyarwanda, kandi bu wese areba akumva aracyishimiye. Twibukiranye amateka y’Intwari, ibigwi byazo n’ibyiciro zirimo.

Taliki ya 01 Gashyantare ya buri mwaka, mu Rwanda hizihizwa umunsi w’Intwari aho hibukwa izitangiye u Rwanda. Kuba intwari byakabaye ibya buri wese ariko ni ikigero kigerwaho habayeho kugiharanira ndetse cyane binyuze mu bikorwa.

Intwari zibukwa mu rwego rwo guhabwa icyubahiro ndetse hagamijwe no gutera ishyaka abakiri bato. Gashyantare taliki ya 1 ni umunsi buri mwaka u Rwanda rwahariye abakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa, ni igihe hakorwa ibiganiro bigaruka ku mateka yaranze izi ntwari ndetse zinahabwa icyubahiro.

Intwari z’u Rwanda zigabanyije mu byiciro bitatu: Imanzi,Imena  n’Ingenzi.

Urwego rw’Intwari z’Imanzi

Uru rwego rurimo intwali zitakiriho.

Ingabo itazwi izina

Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.

Ingabo itazwi izina ihagarariye ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.

Imva y’Ingabo Itazwi izina ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.

Maj Gen. Fred Gisa Rwigema

Maj Gen. Fred Rwigema yavukiye i Mukiranze mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 10 Mata 1957. Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba yari amaze gutangiza rwo kubohora u Rwanda.

Mu bwana bwe, yakundaga kwibaza icyatumye bava iwabo mu Rwanda n’icyabuze kugira ngo basubireyo. Yakundaga gusoma ibitabo by’abaharaniye kubohora ibihugu byabo nka Kwame Nkurumah, Mao-Tse-Tung na Fidèle Castro.

Maj. Gen. Fred Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye muri NRA nko kuba Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (Deputy Army Commander), Minisitiri Wungirije w’Ingabo (Deputy Minister for Defense) n’Umugaba Mukuru w’imirwano (Overall Operations Commander).

Muri iyo mirwano yose yo mu mahanga, Fred Rwigema yari umusirikare nyakuri, w’intangarugero mu mikorere n’imyifatire, kugira ikinyabupfura no kubahiriza amategeko.

Ariko, muri byose yahozaga u Rwanda ku mutima, adahwema kuvuga ko “kubohora u Rwanda ari ngombwa”. Fred Rwigema yaranzwe n’ubupfura n’ubuhanga, kuba umunyakuri, areba kure, azi kwihangana, yubaha bose, ategekesha urugero, akunda umuco wa kinyarwanda n’imikino aba umuhuza w’abantu. Yabaye urugero rwo kwitanga no gukunda igihugu bihebuje.

Maj. Gen. Fred Gisa Rwigema aho yabaye hose yarwanyije akarengane, arwanya ikibi atitaye ku ngaruka byamugiraho. Yari azi ubukana bw’intambara ariko ntiyatinya kuyobora iyari iruhije kurusha izindi ari yo yo kubohora u Rwanda.

Urwego rw’Imena

Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre

Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre wabaye umwami w’u Rwanda mu 1931-1959. Yagize umutima ukomeye kandi ucyeye, ntiyatinya guhangana n’Ababiligi bari bamufiteho ububasha bukomeye, aharanira ubwigenge bw’Igihugu cyane cyane nyuma y’umwaka wa 1952. Yaharaniye ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.

Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abakiri bato.

Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda: ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba abapadiri b’abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.

Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuke zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga «kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera».

Michel Rwagasana

Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye. Iyi mirimo yose yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye, yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbiligi i Bujumbura, yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954, yanabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.

Niyitegeka Félicité

Yishwe ku italiki ya 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi.

Mu mibereho ye, Niyitegeka Félicité yerekanye bwa butwari bwa buri munsi mu mirimo umuntu aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, haba mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye. Ibyo byose yabigiranye ubushobozi bwinshi bagenzi be bakabimwubahira kandi bakabimukundira.

Kuba intangarugero yari yarabigize umuco ni cyo cyamufashije mu kwemera kwitangira abari baramugannye ahitamo kwicwa aho kugwa mu ngengabitekerezo y’ivanguramoko.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange

Abemezwaho ubutwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi bateraga icyo kigo ari abapfuye ari n’abatarapfuye iryo joro.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura, bakavuga ko bose ari Abanyarwanda.

Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Urwego rw’Ingenzi

Muri iki cyiciro nta muntu wari washyirwamo.

Ubuyobozi bwa CHENO buvuga ko bukora ubushakashatsi buri mwaka ku bandi bantu bashyirwa muri ibi byiciro by’intwari hakurikijwe ibikorwa by’ubutwari bakoze nyuma y’ubusesenguzi bw’Inzego nkuru z’Igihugu.

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