Kuva hambere, u Rwanda nk’Igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, igice kinini cy’ibicuruzwa gitumiza n’ibyo cyohereza mu mahanga rubinyuza ku Cyambu cya Mombasa muri Kenya, gusa ubu rukomeje kwagura inzira, runakoresha iy’icyambu cya Dar es Salaam dore ko mu mwaka umwe gusa ibicuruzwa ruhanyuza byiyongereyeho 24%.
U Rwanda rugenda rwagura uburyo bwo kugeza no kwakira ibicuruzwa binyuze mu nzira ya kabiri inyura muri Tanzania, ikoresha icyambu cya Dar es Salaam.
Imibare yatangajwe muri Tanzania igaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byanyuze ku Cyambu cya Dar es Salaam bijya mu Rwanda byiyongereyeho 24% mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2025-2026, bigera kuri toni miliyoni 2.18, bivuye kuri toni hafi miliyoni 1.75 mu mwaka wabanje.
Muri uwo mwaka, ibicuruzwa byose byanyuze ku Cyambu cya Dar es Salaam byageze kuri toni miliyoni 33.71, mu gihe ibicuruzwa byari bigiye mu bindi bihugu binyuze muri Tanzania byageze kuri toni miliyoni 14.61.
Iri zamuka ntirisobanurwa gusa nk’izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa bitwarwa n’icyambu cya Tanzania, ahubwo rigaragaza impinduka mu buryo Ibihugu byo mu Karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bikoresha inzira z’ubwikorezi.
Dar es Salaam igenda iba inzira yizewe ku Rwanda
Inzira izwi nka Central Corridor, inyura muri Tanzania, igenda yongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana na Northern Corridor inyura muri Kenya.
Ibi bifashwa n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo birimo ubufatanye n’ibigo bikora ku byambu, gari ya moshi ya Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo byakira ibicuruzwa biri imbere mu Gihugu muri Tanzania, birimo Kwala Dry Port.
Ibi bituma Central Corridor idafatwa gusa nk’inzira yunganira Mombasa, ahubwo igenda iba inzira ishobora guha u Rwanda ubundi buryo bwizewe bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa.
Ibi byagaragaye cyane mu gutumiza ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Muri Nyakanga 2026, toni 40,000 z’ibikomoka kuri peteroli zatanzwe mu buryo bushyigikiwe na Leta y’u Rwanda zageze ku Cyambu cya Tanga muri Tanzania. Muri Nzeri 2026, izindi toni 40,000 zanyuze muri Mombasa.
Ibi bivuze ko u Rwanda ubu rufite uburyo bubiri Leta ishobora gucunga mu kugeza peteroli mu Gihugu, binyuze muri buri nzira.
Mombasa iracyafite umwanya ukomeye
Nubwo Dar es Salaam igenda yiyongera mu bijyanye no kugeza ibicuruzwa mu Rwanda, Mombasa iracyafite inyungu mu gihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa kugera i Kigali.
Ubushakashatsi bwa EAC Regional Time Release Study bugaragaza ko kuva ubwato buhagarariye ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam kugeza ibicuruzwa bigeze kuri Kigali Inland Container Depot (ICD), bifata impuzandengo y’iminsi 22 n’amasaha 21.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa biturutse i Mombasa bigera i Kigali mu minsi 17 n’amasaha hafi atanu n’igice.
Ibi bigaragaza ko ihangana hagati y’izi nzira itakiri ku mikorere y’ibyambu gusa, ahubwo rigeze no ku mikorere y’inzira zihuza ibyambu n’Ibihugu bidakora ku nyanja.
Imikorere ya Dar es Salaam iri gutera imbere
Nubwo hakiri icyuho mu gihe ibicuruzwa bimara mu nzira, imikorere y’Icyambu cya Dar es Salaam yateye imbere ku buryo bugaragara.
Igihe ubwato butwara kontineri bumara ku cyambu cyaragabanutse, kiva ku minsi hafi 10 mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2020-21 kigera ku minsi hafi itatu mu 2024-2025.
Ikigo DP World na cyo cyatangaje ko igihe cyo gupakurura ibicuruzwa ku cyambu cya mbere (Terminal 1) cyagabanutse, kiva ku masaha arenga 300 kigera munsi y’amasaha 28, nyuma y’ishoramari rya miliyoni 123 z’amadolari.
Gusa, ubushakashatsi bwa EAC bugaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bikiva i Dar es Salaam bikagera kuri Kigali ICD bikimara igihe kirenga iminsi itanu n’igice ugereranyije n’ibiva i Mombasa.
Igice gihuza Dar es Salaam na Rusumo ubwacyo gifata impuzandengo y’iminsi ine n’amasaha abiri.
U Rwanda rugenda rwagura uburyo bwo kubona peteroli
Ubwikorezi bwa peteroli ni bumwe mu buryo bugaragaza impamvu u Rwanda rukeneye inzira ebyiri.
Toni 40,000 z’ibikomoka kuri peteroli zatumijwe mu buryo bushyigikiwe na Leta zageze i Tanga muri Nyakanga 2026, mu gihe izindi toni 40,000 zageze i Mombasa muri Nzeri.
Ibi biha u Rwanda uburyo bubiri bwo kubona peteroli, bikagabanya kwishingikiriza ku nzira imwe gusa.
Mu gihe kimwe muri izi nzira cyagira ikibazo cy’ibikorwa remezo, ibiciro, umutekano cyangwa izindi mbogamizi, indi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukomeza gutanga ibicuruzwa bikenewe.
Ikoreshwa ry’inzira ebyiri rishobora kugirira akamaro abacuruzi
U Rwanda rugenda ruvana ku buryo bwo kwishingikiriza ku nzira imwe y’ubucuruzi rugana ku buryo bwo gukoresha inzira ebyiri, Mombasa na Dar es Salaam.
Ibi bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kuganira ku biciro na serivisi hagati y’u Rwanda n’abatanga serivisi z’ubwikorezi, kuko abacuruzi na Leta baba bafite amahitamo menshi.
Ibihugu bitandukanye ku Isi byagiye bigaragaza akamaro ko kugira inzira nyinshi z’ubwikorezi. Ethiopia yishingikiriza cyane ku Cyambu cya Djibouti, Botswana igakoresha inzira zinyura muri Afurika y’Epfo na Namibia, mu gihe Qatar na UAE na byo byakoresheje gutandukanya inzira z’ubucuruzi mu rwego rwo kongera ubudahangarwa bw’ubukungu.
Gusa, hari imbogamizi zishobora gutuma Central Corridor idatanga umusaruro wose utegerejwe. Muri zo harimo kudakoreshwa ku rwego rushimishije kwa gari ya moshi, ibibazo bishobora kugaragara ku mupaka wa Rusumo, kwibanda ku bwikorezi bw’ibicuruzwa bike ndetse n’uko Kenya ishobora kongera imbaraga mu kunoza Northern Corridor.
Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, igihe ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bikomeje kwiyongera, kugira inzira ebyiri zihangana bishobora gufasha Leta, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n’abashoramari bo mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi.
Iri hinduka kandi rishobora kugira uruhare mu kongera ubudahangarwa bw’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, kuko Igihugu kitaba kigishingiye ku cyambu kimwe mu kubona ibicuruzwa bikenerwa mu Gihugu no kugeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Ikibazo gikomeye gisigaye ni ukureba niba Central Corridor izakomeza kunoza imikorere yayo ku buryo ishobora kugabanya icyuho kikiri hagati yayo na Northern Corridor, cyane cyane mu gihe bifata ngo ibicuruzwa bigere i Kigali.
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