- Inzira y’uko gatanya zakwa;
- Ubusambanyi n’ibigezweho, mu mpamvu ziza ku isonga;
- Hari uburyo bushya bushobora guca intege gatanya.
Mu myaka itandatu gusa; kuva muri 2016 kugeza muri 2022, imibare y’ingo zihabwa gatanya yikubye inshuro 158, umubare uri hejuru kandi ushobora kuzakomeza kuzamuka. Ariko intandaro y’iri tumbagira ridasanzwe rya gatanya, ni iyihe?
Nk’uko bikubiye muri Raporo y’Urwego rw’Ubucamanza bw’u Rwanda, ibirego by’ingo zahawe gatanya muri 2016, zari 21, zigera kuri 69 muri 2019, ziza gutumbagira muri 2018 kuko zageze mu 1 311.
Muri 2019 ho, byahumiye ku mirari, kuko ingo zahawe gatanya zari 8 941, nk’uko bigaragazwa na Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare.
Imibare kandi yakomeje kuzamuka, kuko abahawe gatanya muri 2020, bari 3 213, ndetse na Raporo y’Ubucamanza ya 2021-2022, igaragaza ko muri uwo mwaka hakiriwe ibirego 3 322 by’ingo zisaba gatanya, bikaba binitezwe ko imibare izanazamuka muri uyu mwaka wa 2023.
Gucana inyuma ndetse n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ni zimwe mu mpamvu ziza ku isonga, zitangwa n’abatanga ibirego byo gusaba gatanya.
Ingingo ya 218 y’Itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango rya 2016, igaragaza impamvu zo gusaba gutandukana burundu kw’abashakanye.
Izo mpamvu ni “ubusambanyi; guta urugo nibura igihe cy’amezi cumi n’abiri (12) akurikirana; igihano cy’icyaha gisebeje; kwanga gutanga ibitunga urugo; guhoza undi ku nkeke; ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina; kumara nibura imyaka ibiri (2) batabana ku bushake bwabo; kutabana mu gihe kirenze amezi cumi n’abiri (12) akurikirana uhereye igihe habereye ishyingirwa nta mpamvu zifite ishingiro zihari.”
Bikorwa bite?
Ingingo ya 219 y’iri tegeko, iteganya ko Ibirego bisaba ubutane bwa burundu, “biregerwa mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha rw’ifasi abashyingiranywe baheruka kubamo cyangwa urw’ifasi uregwa atuyemo.”
Gusa kubera ubwinshi bw’imanza ziba ziri mu nkiko, icyemezo cya nyuma cy’ubutane, gishobora kuboneka mu mezi 15.
Nyuma y’uko abasaba gatanya bahawe icyemezo cy’urukiko, bashobora kwaka icyemezo cy’ubutane bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ry’urubuga rwa Irembo rusanzwe rutangirwaho ibyemezo binyuranye, aho basabwa kugaragaza icyemezo kiriho kashi y’Umucamanza, bakakigaragariza Ibiro by’Umurenge basezeraniyemo, ubundi bagatesha agaciro isezerano ryabo.
Ingingo ya 220 y’Itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ivuga ko “Gusaba gutana bikorwa n’abashyingiranywe gusa. Ikirego gisaba ubutane kiregerwa kandi kikaburanishwa nk’izindi manza.”
Ikomeza ivuga kandi ko “Ikirego gisaba ubutane bw’abashyingiranywe gisaza hashize imyaka itanu (5) kuva igihe impamvu gishingiyeho yamenyekaniye.”
Ihohoterwa, Ibigezweho, guhindura imyumvire,…Nyirabayazana
Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsinda, riza ku isonga mu mpamvu zitangwa n’abagore mu birego byo gusaba ubutane bwa burundu.
Umunyamategeko wibanda ku manza zirebana n’ibirengo bw’umuryango, Clementine Gatabazi, yabwiye The New Times ko abagore ari bo benshi batanga ibirego bisaba gatanya, kuko ari 80% mu Rwanda.
Uyu munyamategeko avuga ko nubwo hari ababibona mu buryo bubi, we abifata nk’umusaruro mwiza w’ubukangurambaga bwatumye abagore bamenya uburenganzira bwabo.
Ati “GBV [Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina] ni iyo ikomeye kuba impamvu ihuriweho ku basaba gatanya, bigaragaza ko abagore benshi bakomeje kugaragaza ko bashaka ko iri hohoterwa riranduka.”
Yakomeje agita ati “Ibi bigaragaza ko abagore bahawe ubushobozi, kandi bafite ubushake bwo guhabwa ubutabera, ndetse no kugira ubuzima bwiza.”
Nanone kandi ubusambanyi, na bwo buza mu mpamvu z’ibanze ziri gutera gatanya, nubwo Umunyamategeko wibanda ku manza za gatanya, Innocent Muramira, avuga ko bigoye kubugaragariza ibimenyetso.
Ati “Habamo inzitizi ku bantu basaba gatanya ku mpamvu z’ubuhemu. Gusa ingaruka z’ubusambanyi ku marangamutima ziba ziremereye, kuko zituma umuntu atakaza icyizere, akagira ubugome ndetse n’ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo, ku buryo byatuma abantu batandukana bo ubwabo.”
Hakenewe uburyo bushya
Inzobere mu by’amategeko, zivuga ko izamuka ry’imibare y’abaka gatanya, rishobora kuba riterwa no kuba abantu bamaze gucengerwa no kumenya uburenganzira bwabo, kandi bakaba bakomeje kwiyambura imyumvire yahozeho.
Umunyamategeko umwe ati “Umuryango mugari ntabwo ukiziritse kuri ya myumvire ya ‘Niko zubakwa’ yatumaga abashakanye bakomeza kubana batishimye.”
Muramira abona nk’umuti urambye, bikenewe ko hatangizwa uburyo buzwi nka ‘prenuptial agreement’ bw’inyandiko isinywa n’abagiye gushyingiranwa mbere yo gusezerana, igaragaza uburenganzira bwabo ku mitungo, mu gihe habayeho gatanya cyangwa hari upfuye. Mu mategeko y’u Rwanda, iyi nyandiko ntiyemewe.
Muramira avuga ko hashyizweho ubu buryo, bishobora guca imbaraga abashyingiranwa batajyanywe n’urukundo cyangwa kubaka, bikanagabanya izamuka rya gatanya.
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Comments 2
Ibi uyu mugabo yavuze nanjye ndabishyigikiye kuko byagabanya ubujura bwitwikiriye urukundo aho usanga umuntu ashakana n undi atari urukundo ahubwo amukurikiyeho imitungo. Ibi bintu bikwiye kuvugururwa, buri muntu akagumana imitungo ye yose igihe habaye gatanya.
Ikibazo cyo gutandukana kw’abashakanye gisiga ingaruka zikomeye mu mitekerereze n’imyitwarire y’abashakanye ariko cyane cyane abana kuko bahinduka ibitambo by’amakimbirane hagati y’ababyeyi.
Kiriya gitekerezo cya nuptial agreement ndacyemera ariko bikanozwa neza ku buryo ari gahunda ibanzirizwa n’ibiganiro hagati gushinga urugo kandi hakaba hari impuguke mu mitekerereze. Iki nicyo gihe kandi abatarakemuranye ibibazo n’abo babyaranye ntibabane bagomba kubikemura aho kugirango batere imvururu mu buyobozi no mu birori. Iki gikorwa kandi nticyagombye kubera mu ruhame ahubwo kikabanziriza ya masezerano abera ku karubanda kuko mbona bamwe batwarwa n’ibirori kurusha ibikubiye mubyo barimo gusezerana ndetse no mu ndahiro barahira. Abandi basinya ibyo batemeye kubera kwanga kwica ibirori no kugira isoni z’abo batumiye.